Originally Posted by Mikko H. @ AHF
After the Soviet failure to continue their offensive west from Viipuri, the Red Army concentrates its forces north-east of the city. There, around the village of Tali, terrain is more suitable for tanks, and strategic roads run north and north-west. North of Tali there are the Portinhoikka crossroads, where the road runs north through Ihantala towards Imatra, and north-west through Juustila towards Lappeenranta. In military history this day goes down as the first day of the Battle of Tali-Ihantala.
At this point Commander of the Isthmus Forces Lt. Gen. Karl Oesch had three army corps under his command. From west to east they were Maj. Gen. Antero Svensson's V Army Corps (recently transferred from the Olonets Isthmus) which defended the western shore of the Bay of Viipuri south and west of Viipuri, Lt. Gen. Taavetti Laatikainen's IV Army Corps, which held the VKT-line from north-east of Viipuri until River Vuoksi, and Lt. Gen. Hjalmar Siilasvuo's III Army Corps which had so far escaped relatively lightly and held the VKT-line along the River Vuoksi until the southern shore of Lake Ladoga.
On the right flank of Gen. Laatikainen's IV Army Corps was Col. Lauri Haanterä's 3rd Brigade (subordinated to the 18th Division), which, just north-east of Viipuri, defended the isthmus between Suomenvedenpohja (the northernmost extremity of Bay of Viipuri) and Lake Kärstilänjärvi. On 21 and 22 June the 3rd Brigade was subjected to Soviet assaults that forced it to give some ground.
The isthmus between lakes Kärstilänjärvi and Leitimonjärvi was defended by Maj. Gen. Paavo Paalu's 18th Division, with Col. Väinö Forsberg's Infantry Regiment 48 holding the front-line near the village of Tali. IR 48 had also been subjected to furious Soviet assaults on 21 and 22 June and lost some ground, but had been able to recover some of the lost terrain by counter-attacks. East of IR 48 was Maj. E. Larinen's Separate Battalion 28, which held the front-line north of Lake Repolanjärvi just west of the divide between the 18th and 4th divisions.
East of lake Repolanjärvi was Maj. Gen. Aleksanteri Autti's 4th Division, and on the IV Army Corps left flank was Maj. Gen. Aaro Pajari's 3rd Division.
The 18th Division (reinforced by the 3rd Brigade) was in a perilous situation. It had suffered great losses, on the average its units had less than half of their strength left. But it had managed to buy time for reinforcements to arrive. Maj. Gen. Kaarlo Heiskanen's 11th Division had just arrived, and Maj. Gen. Einar Vihma's 6th Division was on its way, together with elements of Maj. Gen. Ruben Lagus's Armored Division, reinforced with Hauptmann Friedrich Scherer's German Sturmgeschütz-Brigade 303.
Reinforcements arrived not a minute too early. Marshal Leonid Govorov's Leningrad Front was about to start its main effort at Tali to finally break through the Finnish defences.
Marshal Govorov had three armies against Finns. On his left flank, west of Viipuri, was forming Lt. Gen. Ivan Korovnikov's 59th Army, recently arrived from Estonia. On the coming days it would start its offensive to cross the Bay of Viipuri. On Govorov's right flank, along the southern shore of Lake Ladoga, was Lt. Gen. Aleksandr Cherepanov's 23rd Army with three rifle corps.
But the main effort was to be made on a 10 km-wide front (from Viipuri to Lake Repolanjärvi) by Col. Gen. Dmitrii Gusev's formidable 21st Army in the middle of Govorov's front. It had 14 rifle divisions in four rifle corps in front-line, supported by numerous tank brigades and tank and assault gun regiments. Maj. Gen. Nikolai Simonyak's elite 30th Guards Rifle Corps would again be the spearhead of the assault. The 30th Guards Rifle Corps had spent more than a week resting and refitting since the Battle of Kivennapa, and its 45th, 63rd and 64th guards rifle divisions were again ready for action, with the 268th Rifle Division in reserve. It was supported by 27th, 30th and 260th Tank Brigades. The other rifle corps to see action were the 97th, 108th (which had also had rest) and 109th, with the 110th Rifle Corps in reserve.
On 25 June, at 6.30 am the Soviet artillery began to fire at the 3rd Brigade's positions, lasting for one and half hours. At 8 am. the Soviet 358th and 314th rifle divisions began their assault, causing severe losses to the 3rd Brigade and forcing it back. Despite the losses the 3rd Brigade was able to consolidate and hold its new positions.
But the main Soviet blow came at Tali against the 18th Division, between lakes Kärstilänjärvi (in west) and Leitimonjärvi (in east), delivered by the 30th Guards Rifle Corps. At 6.30 am the Soviet harassing fire transformed into a tremendous artillery preparation lasting for one and half hours. At 8 am. the the tanks and Shturmoviks began their job, followed by infantry ten minutes later. They belonged to the 45th Guards Rifle Division. Finns had the III Battalion of Infantry Regiment 13 in the front-line, and it took severe losses and was forced to withdraw through IR 48's positions further back. Finnish artillery fired on the advancing Soviet forces, but didn't noticeably slow them down. However, the Soviet assault stopped around 9 am. just before the line where the I and II battalions of the IR 48 held line. Only small infantry groups probed the Finnish positions.
The reason was that the Soviet assault had met unexpected success east of Lake Leitimonjärvi, at the isthmus between lakes Leitimonjärvi and Repolanjärvi defended by Separate Battalion 28 and the III battalion of the IR 48. The Soviet artillery had begun to fire at 6.30 am. like in other sectors, but the 63rd Guards Rifle Division started its assault at 7.45 am. Finnish forces fought desperately, and received support from artillery, but the Red Army advanced regardless of losses, and soon the defenders were forced to withdraw to avoid encirclement. Separate Battalion 28 was shattered and its men retreated in chaos. Its commander didn't regain control until around Ihantala, several kilometers to north. Commander of the III/IR 48, Maj. T. Erwe, managed to gather a small force of his men to form a delaying position halfway to Ihantala. There it repelled the first Soviet probes around 9 am, but was soon forced to withdraw north. III/IR 48 was also reformed around Ihantala.
The Red Army had a clear way east of Lake Leitimonjärvi to reach the back of the I and II/IR 48. The Soviets exploited this hole in the Finnish defences fully. Gen. Paalu's 18th Division had no reserves to plug the hole, but Gen. Laatikainen subordinated battalions from the army corps reserve to him. However, in the chaotic situation the Finnish counter-attacks were badly coordinated, and failed. But the Soviet advance towards Ihantala was, for the time being, stopped. The result of this Soviet success was an elongated salient deep in the Finnish positions that was nicknamed panssarimakkara, 'the tank sausage' by Finnish troops for its shape.
West of Lake Leitimonjärvi a Soviet force of about 20 tanks managed to get past the Finnish defences around noon without meeting resistance (there had been a mix-up with orders). They reached the Portinhoikka crossroads, and divided there, one force going north towards Ihantala, another north-west towards Juustila. Local commander, Lt. Col. Reino Inkinen, took prompt action. He formed AT-squads from engineers, armed with satchel charges. They managed to destroy two tanks around Portinhoikka. Finnish assault guns were alerted and stopped the force advancing towards Ihantala, destroying three tanks in the process. Lt. Col. Inkinen began to prepare a counter-attack to regain the important crossroads. II/IR 6, supported by assault guns, regained the territory near Portinhoikka, but the enemy forces holding the crossroads were too strong to be dislodged.
The Armored Division was ordered to attack and drive the enemy from the crossroads. Maj. Heikki Mikkola, commander of the I battalion of the Panzer Brigade, started a counter-attack with the heavy company of his battalion from the direction of Juustila. With five tanks, one T-34-76, one KV-1, two T-28's and one T-50, it drove the enemy from the Portinhoikka crossroads, destroying four T-34-85's and ISU-152's. This was indeed nothing short of miraculous, given that not one of the Finnish tanks had a main gun that could penetrate the front armor of the Soviet tanks! [Later note: other sources indicate that the majority of the Soviet tanks were destroyed by Lt. Col. Inkinen's engineers, not by Maj. Mikkola's tanks, thus explaining the 'miracle'.] By 7 pm. the Portinhoikka crossroads were back in Finnish hands and a number of Soviet tanks, T-34-85s and ISU-152's, were captured intact. By that time the two battalions of the IR 48 had been forced to retreat from their positions west of Lake Leitimonjärvi.
The Armored Division continued its counter-attack. At 8 pm. the reinforced Jäger Battalion 3 started to advance towards Tali, supported by the 18th Division's artillery. It reached Linnavuori (roughly where the two battalions of the IR 48 had held the line earlier that day) by midnight, but was stopped by Soviet tanks. It prepared to continue its offensive towards Tali in the early hours of 26 June. Around the same time Jäger Battalion 2 prepared to attack north of Lake Leitimonjärvi to cut the Soviet 'sausage' at its base and encircle the Soviet formations that had advanced from the hole in the Finnish defences.
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