1620 The Mayflower reaches Cape Cod and explores the coast.

1863 US President Abraham Lincoln delivers his Gettysburg address beginning; "Four score and seven years ago..."

1919 US Senate rejects the Treaty of Versailles by a vote of 55 to 39; Congress two years later approves resolution ending hostilities with Germany and Austria-Hungary.

1942 Operation Uranus: Soviet offensive begins during the Battle of Stalingrad, 1 million Soviet soldiers encircle the German Sixth Army.

1950 US General Eisenhower becomes supreme commander of NATO-Europe.

1969 Apollo 12's Charles Conrad and Alan Bean become the 3rd and 4th humans on the Moon.

1815 Second Treaty of Paris: France has its borders reduced to those of 1790 and agrees to pay 700 million francs in indemnities to end the Napoleonic Wars.

1917 First successful use of a tank in battle at the Battle of Cambrai in World War I as Britain uses the new technology to break through German lines.

1917 Ukrainian Republic declared.

1941 German "auxiliary cruiser" (armed merchant raider) Kormoran sinks near Australia.

1943 German submarine U-536 sunk northeast of the Azores in the Atlantic Ocean by British and Canadian warships.

1944 1st Japanese suicide submarine attack (Ulithi Atol, Carolines)

1945 The Nuremberg war trials begin as 24 Nazi leaders are put on trial before judges representing the victorious Allied powers.

1806 The Continental System declared in the Decree of Berlin: Emperor Napoleon I bans all trade with Britain.

1818 Russia's Tsar Alexander I petitions for a Jewish state in Palestine.

1916 HMHS Britannic sinks in the Aegean Sea after a mine explodes, killing 30 people.

1918 The German High Seas Fleet of 5 battlecruisers, 9 battleships, 7 cruisers and 49 destroyers surrendered to the British Grand Fleet and were shepherded into the Firth of Forth.

1943 German submarine U-538 sunk on southwest of Ireland in the Atlantic Ocean by British warships.

1946 Harry Truman becomes 1st US President to travel in a submerged submarine.

1963 US President John F. Kennedy flies to Texas (assassinated the next day)

1967 Vietnam War: American General William Westmoreland tells news reporters: "I am absolutely certain that whereas in 1965 the enemy was winning, today he is certainly losing."

2017 Robert Mugabe's resignation after 37 years in power is read out in Zimbabwe's parliaments during impeachment proceedings.

1941 British cruiser Devonshire sinks German auxiliary cruiser Atlantis.

1942 Adolf Hitler orders Rommel's Africa Korps to fight to the last man.

1943 British RAF begins air bombing of Berlin, Germany.

1963 US President John F. Kennedy is assassinated by Lee Harvey Oswald while riding in an open-topped motorcade in Dallas, Texas.

1971 A member of the Irish Republican Army (IRA) is killed in a premature bomb explosion in Lurgan, County Armagh.

1990 Margaret Thatcher announces her resignation as British Prime Minister.

2005 Angela Merkel becomes the first female Chancellor of Germany.

The Holodomor, the man-made famine of 1932–1933, was one of the darkest chapters in Ukrainian history. Millions of Ukrainians died as a result of Stalin's deliberate policies, aimed at crushing the nation's spirit and resistance.

1499 Flemish pretender to the English throne Perkin Warbeck hanged for reportedly attempting to escape from Tower of London. Invaded England in 1497, claiming to be the lost son of King Edward IV

1869 Clipper Cutty Sark is launched in Dumbarton, Scotland, as one of the last clippers ever built and the only one still surviving.

1942 Chinese steward Poon Lim begins 133 days adrift after British ship SS Benlomond is torpedoed by a German U-boat, leaving him as the sole survivor.

1942 German 4th & 6th Army surrounded at Stalingrad.

1963 Following the protocol after Abraham Lincoln's death, JFK's body lies in repose in the East Room of the White House and viewed by officials and heads of state.

1963 LBJ proclaims Nov 25 a day of national mourning after the assassination of JFK

1991 Freddie Mercury, 45, confirms he has AIDS the day before he dies.

2019 Sumatran rhino officially declared extinct in Malaysia after last known specimen, 25-year-old Iman, dies of cancer in Sabah, Malaysian Borneo.

1874 American inventor Joseph Glidden patents barbed wire.

1940 The Blitz: Luftwaffe bombs Bristol city centre, killing 200 people in the first German raid on the city.

1944 US bombers based on Saipan begin 1st attack on Tokyo.

1950 UN troops begin an assault intending to end the Korean War by Christmas.

1954 Air Force One, 1st US Presidential airplane, christened.

1971 A British Army bomb-disposal specialist is killed by a bomb in Lurgan, County Armagh.

1971 A woman is killed after members of the Irish Republican Army carry out an attack on British soldiers in Strabane, County Tyrone.

1979 Senate report proves US troops in Vietnam were exposed to the toxic chemical defoliant Agent Orange.

1783 Britain evacuates New York City, its last military position in the United States.

1841 35 survivors of the mutiny on the slave ship Amistad return to Africa.

1922 Crown Prince Hirohito of Japan becomes Regent of Japan in his ailing father's stead.

1938 Lavrentiy Beria succeeds Nikolai Yezhov as the head of the Soviet secret police, NKVD, after Yezhov was executed on Joseph Stalin's orders.

1940 First flights of the de Havilland Mosquito and Martin B-26 Marauder.

1943 U-600 sinks in Atlantic Ocean.

1944 World War II: A German V-2 rocket hits a Woolworth's store in Deptford, United Kingdom, killing 160 shoppers.

1948 16-inch coastal guns removed from Fort Funston, San Francisco.

1957 US President Dwight Eisenhower suffers a mild stroke, impairing his speech.

1963 JFK is laid to rest at Arlington National Cemetery.

1969 John Lennon returns MBE to protest "against Britain's involvement in the Nigeria-Biafra thing, against our support of America in Vietnam and against Cold Turkey slipping down the charts."

1971 British Labour Party leader Harold Wilson proposes Britain should work towards a withdrawal from Northern Ireland, and after 15 years; the Republic of Ireland could rejoin the British Commonwealth.

1974 Irish Republican Army is outlawed in Britain following deaths of 21

1975 A loyalist gang nicknamed the "Shankill Butchers" undertakes its first "cut-throat killing"; the gang was named for its late-night kidnapping, torture and murder (by throat slashing) of random Catholic civilians in Belfast.

1778 British explorer Captain James Cook is the first European to visit Maui in the Sandwich Islands (now Hawaii)

1789 First national Thanksgiving in America.

1898 SS Portland “The Titanic of New England” leaves for Cape Cod, shipwrecked off Cape Ann, all 192 on board killed.

1914 Battleship HMS Bulwark explodes at Sheerness Harbour, England, 788 die.

1922 English archaeologist Howard Carter opens Tutankhamun's nearly intact tomb in Egypt.

1941 Japanese naval carrier force left its base & moves east toward Pearl Harbor.

1944 Heinrich Himmler orders the destruction of the Auschwitz and Birkenau crematoria.

1950 China enters Korean conflict, sends troops across Yalu River.

2003 Supersonic airplane the Concorde makes its last ever flight, returning to Bristol, England.

1807 Portuguese Royal Family and its court of nearly 15,000 people leave Lisbon for their colony of Brazil to escape invading Napoleonic troops.

1717 Blackbeard attacks and captures a French merchant slave ship, which he renames as his flagship the "Queen Anne's Revenge"

1814 The Times of London is first printed by automatic, steam-powered presses built by German inventors Friedrich Koenig and Andreas Friedrich Bauer, making newspapers available to a mass audience.

1893 Women vote in a national election for the first time, in the New Zealand general election.

1919 American-born Lady Nancy Astor elected as the first female member of the British House of Commons (to take her seat)

1934 Winston Churchill tells British Prime Minister Stanley Baldwin not to under estimate German air power.

1946 Dutch Nazi Anton Mussert sentenced to death.

1972 2 members of the IRA are killed in a premature bomb explosion in the Bogside area of Derry.

1974 John Lennon's last concert appearance, as a guest of Elton John, Madison Square Garden, New York City NYC; they perform "Whatever Gets You Thru the Night"; "Lucy In The Sky With Diamonds"; and "I Saw Her Standing There"

1812 Napoleon's Grand Army crosses the Berezina River in retreat from Russia.

1941 Passenger ship Lurline sends radio signal of sighting Japanese war fleet.

1943 U-86 sinks in Atlantic Ocean.

1943 US aircraft carrier Hornet launched.

1947 UN General Assembly vote to allow the partition of Palestine between Arabs & Jews.

1951 First underground atomic explosion at Frenchman Flat in Nevada.

1962 Great Britain & France decide to jointly build the Concorde supersonic airliner.

1016 King of Denmark Cnut the Great [Canute] claims the English throne after the death of Edmund Ironside.

1909 British House of Lords rejects David Lloyd George's 'People's Budget', which tried to shift tax burden to the wealthy. Leads to the Parliament Act; intent to stop unelected house overruling will of the elected house.

1922 Adolf Hitler speaks to 50,000 national-socialists in Munich, Germany.

1941 Japanese Emperor Hirohito consults with admirals Shimada and Nagano.

1942 German supply vessel Uckermark (formerly called the Altmark) explodes & sinks off Yokohama.

1942 U-boats sink and damage 142 allied ships this month (877,774 tons)

1944 Biggest & last British battleship HMS Vanguard launched.

1983 Police free kidnapped beer magnate Alfred Heineken in Amsterdam.

1999 British Aerospace and Marconi Electronic Systems merge to form BAE Systems, Europe's largest defence contractor and fourth largest aerospace firm in the world.

1913 Ford Motor Company institutes the world's first moving assembly line for the Model T Ford.

1915 The US requests that Germany withdraw its military and naval attaches from the Embassy in Washington.

1919 Lady Nancy Astor sworn-in as 1st female member of British Parliament.

1934 Leningrad mayor Sergey Kirov is assassinated, Joseph Stalin uses it as an excuse to begin his Great Purge of 1934-38

1939 SS-Fuhrer Himmler begins deportation of Polish Jews.

1941 British cruiser HMS Dorsetshire forces crew of German submarine supply ship MV Python to scuttle vessel in the South Atlantic 1,150 miles west of South Africa.

1941 Japanese Emperor Hirohito signs declaration of war.

1955 Rosa Parks is arrested for refusing to move to the back of a bus and give her seat to a white passenger in Montgomery, Alabama.

1987 Digging begins to link England & France under English Channel.

1990 British and French workers meet in the middle of the Channel Tunnel under the English Channel.

1804 General Napoleon Bonaparte is crowned Emperor of the French at the Notre Dame de Paris in a ceremony officiated by Pope Pius VII

1823 US President James Monroe declares the "Monroe Doctrine" opposing European colonialism in the Americas, arguing any European political intervention in the New World would be a hostile act against the United States.

1901 American businessman King C. Gillette begins selling safety razor blades.

1941 Japanese Marshal Admiral Yamamoto sends his fleet to Pearl Harbor.

1941 US Naval Intelligence ceases bugging Japanese consul.