1665 Due to the Great Plague of London, the British Parliament meets at the University of Oxford rather than the Palace of Westminster.

1941 US President Franklin D. Roosevelt approves an atomic program that would become the Manhattan Project.

2006 North Korea conducts its first nuclear test, with an estimated yield of between 0.4-2 kilotons.

1957 US President Eisenhower apologizes to the finance minister of Ghana, Komla Agbeli Gbdemah, after he is refused service in a restaurant in Dover, Delaware.

1957 A fire at the Windscale nuclear plant in Cumbria, England becomes the world's first major nuclear accident.

1963 France cedes control of the Bizerte naval base to Tunisia.

1972 3 members of the Irish Republican Army (IRA) die in a premature explosion in a house in Balkan Street, Lower Falls, Belfast.

1985 US fighter jets force Egyptian plane carrying hijackers of Italian ship Achille Lauro to land in Italy, gunmen are placed in custody.

1961 USAF Major Robert M White takes X-15 to 66,100m

1976 Mao Zedong's widow Jiang Qing and the "Gang of Four" are arrested and charged with plotting a coup.

1981 Unknown American rocker Prince opens for Rolling Stones at Los Angeles Coliseum.

1982 English ship Mary Rose, which sank during an engagement with France in 1545, raised at Portsmouth, England.

1900 The first modern submarine is commissioned by the U.S. Navy as the USS Holland, named for its designer John Philip Holland.

1901 Theodore Roosevelt renames the "Executive Mansion" as "The White House"

1915 Despite international protest, Edith Cavell an English nurse in Belgium, is executed by the Germans for aiding the escape of Allied prisoners.

1884 Greenwich in London established as the universal time meridian of longitude.

1914 Garrett Morgan patents his safety hood device, which would later be refined into the gas mask.

1943 Italy declares war on former Axis partner Germany.

1944 US 1st army begins battle of Aachen, first German city captured during WWII

2010 Copiapó mining accident in Chile comes to a happy end as all 33 miners arrive at the surface after surviving a record 69 days underground.

1066 Battle of Hastings: William, Duke of Normandy and his Norman army defeat the English forces of Harold II who is killed in the battle.

1322 Robert the Bruce of Scotland defeats King Edward II of England at Byland, forcing Edward to accept Scotland's independence.

1939 German U-47 sinks British battleship HMS Royal Oak, 833 killed.

1942 German assault on Tractor factory, 1000s killed.

1943 600 Jewish prisoners mount an uprising at the Nazi concentration camp in Sobibor, Poland, 300 successfully escape.

1957 Queen Elizabeth II becomes the first Canadian monarch to open the Parliament of Canada with the Speech from the Throne.

1962 US U-2 espionage planes locate missile launchers in Cuba.

1815 Napoleon Bonaparte arrives on island of St Helena to begin his exile.

1894 Captain Alfred Dreyfus arrested and accused of espionage in France.

1917 Dutch exotic dancer Mata Hari is executed by firing squad for spying for Germany during WWI at Vincennes near Paris.

1918 British Q-ship Cymric sinks British submarine J6

1941 Hideki Tojo appointed Prime Minister of Imperial Japan.

1813 Battle of Leipzig, largest battle in Europe prior to WWI, Napoleon's forces defeated by Prussia, Austria and Russia.

1962 Cuban Missile Crisis begins as JFK is shown photos confirming the presence of Soviet missiles in Cuba.

1941 Germany advances within 60 miles (96 K) of Moscow.

1946 10 Nazi leaders are hanged as war criminals after Nuremberg war trials, including Wilhelm Keitel, Joachim von Ribbentrop and Alfred Jodl.

1957 USAF sends 2 aluminium bullets into space.

1964 China becomes world's 5th nuclear power.

1941 USS Kearney becomes the 1st US destroyer torpedoed in World War II, while the country is still officially neutral.

1943 Liberators sink U-540 & U-631

1943 Burma railway completed, built by Allied POWs and Asian laborers for use of the Japanese army.

2017 Islamic State headquarters Raqqa declared under full control of US-led alliance by Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) spokesman Talal Sello after 4 months of fighting.

1867 Alaska Purchase: US takes formal possession of Alaska from Russia, having paid $7.2 million.

1919 David Beatty is created 1st Earl Beatty, Viscount Borodale, and Baron Beatty of the North Sea and Brooksby.

1931 American gangster Al Capone convicted of tax evasion.

1942 Hitler orders captured allied commandos to be killed.

2007 After 8 years in exile, Benazir Bhutto returns to Pakistan. The same night, suicide attackers blow themselves up near Bhutto's convoy, killing over 100, including 20 police officers. Bhutto escapes uninjured.

1781 British forces under General Charles Cornwallis sign terms of surrender to George Washington and Comte de Rochambeau at Yorktown at 2 pm, ending the US Revolutionary War.

1812 Napoleon Bonaparte and his Grande Armée begin their retreat from Moscow numbering just 100,000 (started campaign with 500,000)

1950 UN forces enter Pyongyang, capital of North Korea.

1951 US President Harry Truman formally ends state of war with Germany.

1987 US warships destroy 2 Iranian oil platforms in Persian Gulf.

2005 Saddam Hussein goes on trial in Baghdad for crimes against humanity.

1918 In order to secure a WWI armistice, Germany agrees to further concessions.

1921 Germany and Allies comes to an agreements over reparation payments in a meeting at Wiensbaden.

1941 Nazi occupiers murder 500 inhabitants of Kragujevac Serbia.

1967 A purported bigfoot is filmed at Bluff Creek by Roger Patterson and Robert Gimlin in Northern California.

2011 The former leader of Libya, Muammar Gaddafi, and his son Moatassem Gaddafi are killed shortly after the battle of Sirte (2011) while in the custody of NTC fighters.

2015 US Vice President Joe Biden confirms he will not run for President in 2016

2018 President Trump threatens to pull the US out of an arms control agreement with Russia because Russia has violated its terms.

1805 Battle of Trafalgar: British Admiral Horatio Nelson defeats combined French and Spanish fleet. Nelson shot and killed during battle.

1854 Florence Nightingale with a staff of 38 nurses is sent to the Crimean War.

1948 UN rejects Russian proposal to destroy atomic weapons.

1994 North Korea signs pact to end their nuclear projects.

Battle of Hastings was actually the Battle of Pevensea, several miles away.