The test operator in the Uber Technologies Inc. self-driving car that killed an Arizona woman was a felon with a history of traffic citations who wasn’t watching the road before the accident happened, facts that raise new questions about the company’s testing process for autonomous technology.
In November,
Colorado officials fined Uber $8.9 million after discovering it had allowed several dozen drivers onto its service who had prior felony convictions, a violation of state rules for ride-hailing firms. Uber attributed the hirings to a “process error.” It has resisted allowing fingerprinting in most markets, saying the process can be lengthy and produce misleading results.
Drivers of autonomous vehicles, called test operators or safety drivers, are trained to monitor the road and to take the wheel or hit the brake when the vehicles, which are still in test mode, act erratically. Uber gives test operators three weeks of training before they go out on the road.
The accident also revives debate about whether humans and robots can coexist when operating a car together. Experts question whether a human can handle when the car’s brain hands over control in a complex driving situation, especially when there is little time to react.
“This event only highlights the handover problem,” Missy Cummings, a professor of mechanical engineering and material science at Duke University, said in an email. “If trained ‘safety’ drivers can not make themselves pay attention, how will the rest of us fare?”
Her research has found people have difficulty remaining vigilant when monitoring automation for long periods. Her group studied 27 subjects during four hours of simulated driving and found vigilance decreased in about 21 minutes on average. Executives had put test vehicles into the hands of employees and instructed them to monitor the roadway. The employees were video recorded. The videos showed employees quickly became comfortable with the self-driving technology and their attention wandered.
Videos show one employee sleeping; another applied makeup.
Uber said it has a total of some 400 drivers in Tempe, Toronto, San Francisco and Pittsburgh, where it is testing self-driving cars. It has pulled the vehicles from public roads in Toronto, Tempe, San Francisco and Pittsburgh while the crash investigation continues.
Industry players say the testing of self-driving cars on U.S. roads is bound to continue. “Nobody knows any other option,”....:oops: :ping: