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Originally Posted by BigWalleye
(Post 2239943)
Sorry if I confused you with my use of the word "normal." Apparently you are not familiar with the mathematical use of "normal" meaning "perpendicular to." A normal attack is an attack perpendicular to the target track, specifically to achieve a zero gyro angle.
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Not confused at all. I am very well familiar with what normal and perpendicular means. Or else I wouldn't have gotten into aeronautical engineering college. I clearly understood you. And therefore I do insist to say that this perpendicular stand-off has no influence in the range dial to become insignificant, or even useless. Any other angle would do the same. It is the fact that you are shooting straight ahead that does this. That's why I said:
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It might be that in this 90 degree setup you choose, by default, to wait until the target is almost in front of you. And therefore get the gyro-angle to be close to 0....
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The 0 gyro angle makes the range input meaningless.
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Your lengthy discussion of "parallax" is perplexing, as parallax is only a small part of the fire control problem. A Typ VII U-boat had an LOA of 67 m, so if the periscope were set at about 2/3 of the length, the parallax correction at a firing bearing of 45 degrees would only be 1.9 degrees. At 2000 m, this reduces still further to a correction of only 0.8 degrees. At its maximum effect, at 90 degrees firing bearing, the parallax correction at 1000 m is only 2.6 degrees. At 1000m, a cargo ship of 140 m LOA subtends an angle of 8 degrees. So the impact of parallax is not going to spoil too many shots. And, since the parallax correction actually decreases with range, if parallax were a critical factor then it would follow that torpedoes should be fired at maximum range to minimize the effect of parallax error. I don't think I have ever heard that advice before.
EDIT:
Reread your post and realized there is further confusion over terminology. What you are calling "parallax" includes offsets due to parallax, but also those due to torpedo reach and torpedo turning radius.
From US Navy Submarine Torpedo Fire Control Manual, SLM-1, dated May, 1950:
121. PARALLAX CORRECTION TORPEDO TUBE:
The angular correction compensating for the longitudinal distance between the muzzle doors and the periscope. See Plate I, figure 4.
126. REACH:
The initial straight path of the torpedo, measured in yards. Symbol: M. (See Plate I, figure 3).
136. TORPEDO TURNING RADIUS:
The radius of the circular track, in yards, of the torpedo from the end of the initial straight path to the beginning of the final straight path. Symbol Z. (See Plate I, figure 3)
While torpedo tube parallax correction is small and can be ignored in practice, the reach and turning radius corrections are, taken together, quite significant.
I do not have historical data for the reach or turning radius of a WW2 German torpedo, but I have measured something more pertinent: the actual reach and turning radius of a Typ G7a as used in SH3. Reach is 90m, turning radius is 98 m. So for a 45 degree gyro angle, the offset is 280 m ontrack plus 30 m crosstrack.
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I agree that I did not use official nomenclature. I meant the parallax to be from the point of view of the torpedo, when it finnished the turn and started heading straight to the impact point. See the image below (not to scale). This parallax is then created due to the periscope to tube offset, straigh run (reach), and the segment of the turning radius which puts it even further aside. I didn't mean to imply that it was a very big correction that the range input makes. The target is still quite big at close range to make up for it (mostly). I just meant to imply that it becomes a factor in those situations when torpedoes need to turn significantly. And as an example, it often appears when shooting late and close by when the AOB is narrowing (going from 90 to 135 quickly, so no broadside shown anymore). There are plenty of reports of this, by both newbies and experienced players. I do agree it will probably hit in most cases. But not where you aimed for if the range was incorrect. And if the target is shorter than 140 meters, as some are, it might just be enough to fail.
http://ricojansen.nl/image/parallax%20explanation.png |
