1866 Fetterman Massacre: Lakota, Cheyenne, and Arapaho Indians kill all 81 US Army soldiers in the worst military disaster ever suffered by the U.S. Army on the Great Plains.

1925 "Battleship Potemkin", Soviet silent film directed by Sergei Eisenstein, starring Aleksandr Antonov, Vladimir Barksy and Grigori Aleksandrov, premieres in Moscow.

1939 Adolf Hitler names Adolf Eichmann leader of "Referat IV B", responsible for evictions and Jewish immigration.

1988 Lockerbie disaster: Pan Am Flight 103 destroyed mid air by a terrorist bomb killing all 258 on board over Scotland.

PERHAPS IT SHOULD BE CALLED THE GRUMMOND MASSACRE
 

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Originally Posted by Jimbuna (Post 2582500) 1866 Fetterman Massacre: Lakota, Cheyenne, and Arapaho Indians kill all 81 US Army soldiers in the worst military disaster ever suffered by the U.S. Army on the Great Plains.

< THAT IS UNTIL THE LITTLE BIGHORN FIGHT TEN YEARS LATER JUST TO THE NORTHWEST OF THE FETTERMN FIGHThttps://upload.wikimedia.org/wikiped...erritories.jpg White Elk said there were more Indians present than at the Battle of the Little Bighorn, which would indicate an Indian force of considerably more than 1,000 men. The Fetterman fight soured the mood of the nation and the government on defending the Bozeman Trail. In 1868, Fort Phil Kearny was abandoned, and in November of that year Red Cloud signed a peace agreement with the U.S. "For the first time in its history the United States Government had negotiated a peace which conceded everything demanded by the enemy and which extracted nothing in return." Indian sovereignty over the Powder River country, however, would only endure for eight years...OBVIOUSLY A SCAPEGOAT WAS NEEDED; SOME INSIGHT: https://www.wyohistory.org/encyclopedia/new-perspectives-fetterman-fight
ESSENTIALLY GRUMMOND, A KNOWN HOTHEAD RODE WITH 27 CAVALRYMEN INTO THE AMBUSH...FETTERMAN WITH INFANTRY MARCHED TO ASSIST THE BELEAGERED TROOPERS...FETTERMAN AN EXPERIENCED OFFICER BREVETTED FOR AND COMPETENCE & BRAVERY WAS NO IDIOT :

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Four years of increasing responsibility shaped Fetterman into a seasoned and well-respected military officer. Claiming Fetterman was desperate to prove his superiority in battle belies the fact that he did not need to prove it to anyone. Fetterman had been involved in a half-dozen deadly skirmishes (AT FT KEARNEY), and he acknowledged, “This Indian war has become a hand-to-hand fight, requiring the utmost caution.”

RULE 4 OF PLAINS WARFARE; WHEN TEN DECOY INDIANS INCLUDING CRAZY HORSE STOP TO 'MOON' YOU-DO NOT CHASE THEM....

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Certainly Fetterman and Brown were familiar with Indian decoy maneuvers. Fetterman had demonstrated caution and discretion when twice tempted by decoy parties around the pineries in November. But the impetuous Grummond, who could seemingly never resist the temptation to chase decoys, had very nearly forfeited his life doing so in the fight of December 6. That said, none of the officers present on the 21st expected to meet Indians in the hundreds when they pursued the decoys. Perhaps 50 or so would cover the retreat, in turn luring the soldiers farther over the ridge, where they expected to encounter the 100-strong main force—similar to the December 6 clash and certainly a manageable number for 81 men. Given such expected enemy numbers, Fetterman’s decision to cut off the Indian retreat over Lodge Trail Ridge was not at all irrational. The massive ambush that ensued was simply unprecedented in conflict with Plains Indians to date...

1810 British frigate HMS Minotaur sinks killing 480.

1942 Adolf Hitler signs the order to develop the V-2 rocket as a weapon.

1944 Germans demand surrender of American troops at Bastogne, Belgium (NUTS!).

1970 Treblinka SS commander Franz Stangl sentenced to life imprisonment.

1783 US General George Washington resigns his military commission as Commander-in-Chief of the Army to Congress.

1888 Vincent van Gogh cuts off his left ear with a razor, after argument with fellow painter Paul Gauguin, and sends to a prostitute for safe keeping.

1919 First hospital ship built to move wounded naval personnel launched.

1937 First flight of the Vickers Wellington bomber.

1943 Gen Bernard Montgomery told he is appointed commandant for D-day.

1968 82 members of US intelligence ship Pueblo released by North Korea.

1814 Treaty of Ghent signed, ending the War of 1812 between the United States, the United Kingdom and their allies.

1941 First ships of admiral Nagumo's Pearl Harbor fleet return to Japan.

1942 First powered flight of V-1 'buzz bomb', Peenemunde, Germany.

1943 US President FDR appoints General Eisenhower Supreme Commander of the Allied forces.

1946 US General MacNarney gives 800,000 "minor nazis" amnesty.

1941 Winston Churchill becomes first British Prime Minister to address a joint meeting of the US Congress, warning that Axis would "stop at nothing"

1943 British sink German battle cruiser Scharnhorst.

1944 Battle of Bastogne: US General Patton's 3rd Army repulses Germans.

1998 Iraq announces its intention to fire upon U.S. and British warplanes that patrol the northern and southern no-fly zones.

1942 First Japanese women camp (Ambarawa) goes into use.

1943 German warship "Scharnhorst" sinks in Barents Sea.

1966 Ballon d'Or: Manchester United midfielder Bobby Charlton wins award for best European football player; claims award by a single point ahead of Benfica striker Eusébio.

1950 Chinese troops cross 38th Parallel, into South Korea.

1972 Martin Bormann's skeleton is found in Berlin (Hitlers deputy).

2012 Vladimir Putin signs into law a ban on US adoption of Russian children.

2015 Japan and South Korea reach agreement over WWII "comfort women", Japan apologies and pays 1bn yen compensation.

1860 The first British seagoing iron-clad warship, HMS Warrior is launched.

1934 Japan renounces Washington Naval Treaty of 1922 and London Treaty of 1930.

1939 First flight of the Consolidated B-24 Liberator bomber prototype.

1940 Germany drops its 1st incendiary bombs on London during the Blitz.

1944 General Eisenhower's train returns to Versailles.

1997 Hong Kong begins slaughtering all its chickens to prevent bird flu.

1959 George Washington, first ballistic missile submarine commissioned.

1972 US President Richard Nixon halts bombing of North Vietnam and announces peace talks.

2016 Ray Davies of The Kinks is awarded a knighthood by Queen Elizabeth II.

BRITAIN MAKES GEORGE CHANGE HIS MIND
 

1775 George Washington orders recruiting officers to accept free blacks into the army.

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The new commander of the Continental Army, Gen. George Washington, was against the recruitment of black soldiers. As a slaveholder, he epitomized the apprehension of many in the South; once black men were trained and armed, and once they saw combat in service of their nation, how then could the slavery system continue to exist? As a result, he issued a general order on November 12, 1775, directing that "neither Negroes, Boys unable to bare Arms, nor old men unfit to endure the fatigues of the campaign" (sic) are to be recruited. The royal governor of the British colony of Virginia sensed an opportunity. On November 7, 1775, John Murray, 4th Earl of Dunmore issued what has come to be known as “Dunmore’s Emancipation Proclamation,” setting "all indentured servants, Negroes, or others...free that are able and willing to bear arms.” By offering freedom to runaway slaves, Dunmore hoped to both recruit forces for the British military, and drive a wedge between colonists who held opposing views on slavery. As a result, hundreds of runaway slaves enlisted in the British armed forces into what became known as “Dunmore’s Ethiopian Regiment.” Dunmore’s regiment saw service between 1775 and 1776, and its soldiers wore sashes across their uniforms embroidered with the phrase “Liberty to Slaves.” Within six weeks, Washington partially reversed his November 12 general order, and reopened the Continental Army to free Blacks, though not slaves. On December 31, 1776, Washington wrote a report to Congress in which he noted that "free Negroes who have served in the Army, are very much dissatisfied at being discarded." To prevent them from serving the British, he allowed them to re-enlist. Faced with mounting manpower shortages, Washington would ultimately reverse his general order. Slaves and free black men were to go on to serve with distinction in the Continental Army for the duration of the war. At the end of the war, a French officer watching a review of the Continental Army in New York noted that as much as a quarter of the Army was black. Modern estimates show that a more accurate estimate was between 10 and 15%.

VON CLAUSEWITZ RULE 2: "WHENEVER POSSIBLE INCREASE FIREPOWER"....RECRUIT BLACK SOLDIERS!:ping: :ping: :ping:

1775 Battle of Quebec in American Revolutionary War; Americans defeated trying to take British stronghold.

1862 Union ironclad ship "Monitor" sank off Cape Hatteras, North Carolina.

1942 Battle of the Barents Sea between British Navy and German Kriegsmarine off North Cape, Norway.

1946 US President Harry Truman officially proclaims end of WW II.

1801 The Irish Parliament votes to join the Kingdom of Great Britain, forming the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.

1818 Official reopening of the White House.

1833 British government demands Falkland islands.

1863 Emancipation Proclamation issued by Abraham Lincoln to free slaves in US confederate states.

1910 British naval officer David Beatty is promoted to rear-admiral.

1917 T. E. Lawrence joins the forces of the Arabian sheik Feisal al Husayn, beginning his adventures that will lead him to Damascus by October, 1918.

1919 British naval officer David Beatty is promoted to full admiral.

1934 Nazi Germany passes the "Law for the Prevention of Genetically Diseased Offspring".

1946 Emperor Hirohito of Japan announces he is not a god.

1958 European Economic Community, better known as the European Common Market starts operation.

1962 Beatles' Decca audition is unsuccessful.

1941 World War II: The U.S. government announces its Liberty ship program to build freighters in support of the war effort.

1942 World War II: the 28 nations at war with Axis powers pledge to make no separate peace deals.

1942 The United States Navy opens a blimp base at Lakehurst, New Jersey.

1944 First use of helicopters during warfare (British Atlantic patrol).

1939 Hermann Goering appoints Reinhard Heydrich head of Jewish Emigration.

1944 Operation Carpetbagger begins (aerial dropping of supplies and weapons to resistance fighters in Europe).

1945 US jeep-aircraft carrier Ommaney Bay sinks after Japanese kamikaze attack.

1961 Longest recorded strike ends as the Danish barbers' assistants end a 33 year strike.