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The First Crusade July 15

In 1095 Pope Urban II preached an electrifying sermon before a great multitude. He described the plight of the Eastern Church, inundated by Turkish Muslims. Infidels controlled the Holy Land, Urban thundered, and Jerusalem’s Church of the Holy Sepulcher, the holiest spot in Christendom, lay in Islamic hands.

All Europe set out to liberate Jerusalem. Colorful hordes of militant lords and ladies, knights and peasants marched 2,000 miles across Europe.

Their numbers were soon depleted, however, by the realities of war. By the time the Crusaders reached Jerusalem only about 20,000 remained. Meanwhile the Islamic governor of Jerusalem readied for siege. Wells outside city walls were poisoned. Flocks were driven into the city, and Christian inhabitants expelled. Jerusalem’s ancient towers were reinforced.

A lunar eclipse on June 5 seemed to augur success for the pilgrims, and on the evening of June 7, the main army reached the Holy City. On June 12 a hermit on the Mount of Olives promised, “If you will attack the city tomorrow, the Lord will deliver it into your hands.”

When the sun rose over the city the next day, trumpets blared and the armies melted into attacking hoards assailing the walls. Ladders were thrown up, and knights scaled the ramparts only to be repelled by sticks, stones, and boiling oil. The assault failed. Thirst set in. Temperatures reached 100 degrees, and the wind blew hot. Rotting corpses of horses sullied the air. Quarrels broke out. Rumors of advancing Muslim forces frightened the troops.

On Wednesday, July 13, another assault was mounted. The city finally fell on Friday, July 15, 1099, at three o’clock—the day and hour of the Savior’s death, it was noted.

Crusaders slaughtered the inhabitants until streets were choked with the dead. None were spared. Jews perished in burning synagogues, and the blood of Muslims flowed up to the ankles. Jubilant Crusaders sang hymns as they waded through a sea of bodies to the holiest spot in Christendom.

On This Day : 265 Amazing and Inspiring Stories About Saints, Martyrs & Heroes.

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Crusaders slaughtered the inhabitants until streets were choked with the dead. None were spared. Jews perished in burning synagogues, and the blood of Muslims flowed up to the ankles. Jubilant Crusaders sang hymns as they waded through a sea of bodies to the holiest spot in Christendom.

Well after all that bloodcurdling mayhem and excitement; a little Post Traumatic Victory Syndrome 'Te Deum' set in on the way to church! :doh: :yep: ':O:

1439 Kissing is banned in England (to stop germs from spreading).

1618 Capt John Gilbert patents first dredger in Britain.

1862 David Farragut is first Rear Admiral in US Navy.

1912 Naval torpedo launched from an airplane patents by B A Fiske.

1918 A Bolshevik firing squad at Ekaterinburg, Siberia, executes Tsar Nicholas II of Russia and his family.

1945 First test detonation of an atomic bomb, Trinity Site, Alamogordo, New Mexico as part of the US Manhattan Project.

1945 Cruiser Indianapolis leaves SF with atom bomb.

1946 US court martial sentences 46 members of the SS to death (Battle of Bulge crimes) in Dachau.

1969 Apollo 11 launched, carrying 1st men to land on Moon.

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Originally Posted by Jimbuna (Post 2500552)

1945 First test detonation of an atomic bomb, Trinity Site, Alamogordo, New Mexico as part of the US Manhattan Project.

1945 Cruiser Indianapolis leaves SF with atom bomb.

How could this happen on the same day?

Two weeks later a Japanese submarine sank the USS Indianapolis ...

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Her sinking led to the greatest single loss of life at sea in the history of the U.S. Navy. On 30 July 1945, after a high-speed trip to deliver parts for Little Boy, the first atomic bomb used in combat, to the United States air base at Tinian, the ship was torpedoed by the Imperial Japanese Navy submarine I-58 while on her way to the
Philippines, sinking in 12 minutes. Of 1,196 crewmen aboard, approximately 300 went down with the ship. The remaining 900 faced exposure, dehydration, saltwater poisoning,

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Indianapolis_(CA-35)

No trinitite 4 U MR QUATRO

Quote:

Originally Posted by Mr Quatro (Post 2500647)

How could this happen on the same day?

Two weeks later a Japanese submarine sank the USS Indianapolis ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Indianapolis_(CA-35)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinity_(nuclear_test) meets:

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After major repairs and an overhaul, Indianapolis received orders to proceed to Tinian island, On 16 July 1945 the USS Indianapolis arrived at the Naval Weapons Center- Port Chicago, California and received a three foot diameter by four foot tall canister of top-secret cargo carrying parts and the enriched uranium. (about half of the world's supply of Uranium-235 at the time) for the atomic bomb Little Boy, which would later be dropped on Hiroshima. Four hours after the Trinity explosion, Indianapolis departed San Francisco's Hunters Point Naval Shipyard on 16 July 1945, within hours of the Trinity test. USS Indianapolis set a speed record of 74 1⁄2 hours with an average speed of 29 knots (54 km/h; 33 mph) from San Francisco to Pearl Harbor which still stands today. Arriving at Pearl Harbor on 19 July, she raced on unaccompanied, delivering the atomic weapon components to Tinian on 26 July. On July 28 and 29, four "Green Hornet" transports flew in from the U.S. with the plutonium pieces for Fat Man and the uranium inserts for Little Boy.

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikiped...tated%29_2.jpg
None of the crew knew what was contained in the crate and canister that were brought on board. The crate contained the “gun-type” mechanism for Little Boy. The uranium contained in the canisters was about half the US supply (the other half was flown to Tinian). It is unclear if McVay even knew what the contents were, though he claimed after the war that he did. He was, at least, aware of the secrecy and importance of his mission.
The two men who definitely did know were James Nolan and Robert Furman, two men from the Manhattan Project who accompanied the components to Tinian. The men were disguised as artillery officers, though it was not a very convincing cover. Furman, as an Army engineer, had some experience with artillery. But Nolan, a radiologist, raised some suspicion. He constantly had to return belowdecks to check the radiation from the canister, and was unable to answer basic questions about his supposed artillery experience.
Furman and Nolan were also probably the only ones who knew what caused the delay in launching the ship on the morning of July 16. In fact, they were waiting for a message about the result of the Trinity Test. With confirmation of that success, the Indianapolis left port. Actually J. Robert Oppenheimer believed that fifty atomic bombs would be needed to defeat Japan. Scientists and military figures considered them as nothing more than large-scale conventional weapons. Each atomic bomb could accomplish what took a week with conventional bombing and, as the radiation effect was still unknown, there seemed no reason to withhold using them. The quote less often heard:

Quote:

Oppenheimer later recalled that, while witnessing the explosion, he thought of a verse from the Hindu holy book, the Bhagavad Gita (XI,12):

कालोऽस्मि लोकक्षयकृत्प्रवृद्धो लोकान्समाहर्तुमिह प्रवृत्तः। ऋतेऽपि त्वां न भविष्यन्ति सर्वे येऽवस्थिताः प्रत्यनीकेषु योधाः॥११- ३२॥
If the radiance of a thousand suns were to burst at once into the sky, that would be like the splendor of the mighty one ...Years later he would explain that another verse had also entered his head at that time...“Now I am become death, the destroyer of worlds....”

:hmmm: Bits of southwestern sand were transformed by the intense heat, reborn as a peculiar glass-like material. Today, one can’t legally go out in the field and gather trinitite, which—by the way—is radioactive, though it becomes less so over time.

2014 Malaysia Airlines Flight 17 is shot down over Eastern Ukraine by a Buk surface-to-air missile launched from pro-Russian separatist-controlled territory, killing all 283 passengers and 15 crew on board.

1925 Adolf Hitler publishes Mein Kampf (original title was the catchy "Four and a Half Years (of Struggle) Against Lies, Stupidity and Cowardice").

1942 Test flight of German Messerschmitt Me-262 using only its jet engines for the first time.

2012 Kim Jong-un is officially appointed Supreme Leader of North Korea and given the rank of Marshal in the Korean People's Army.

1843 Brunel's steamship the SS Great Britain is launched, becomes first ocean-going craft with an iron hull or screw propeller and the largest vessel afloat in the world.

1940 Hitler orders Great Britain to surrender.

1941 British PM Winston Churchill launched his "V for Victory" campaign.

1944 Japanese aircraft carriers Taiho and Shokaku sink in Marianas.

1945 USS Cod saves 51 sailors from Dutch submarine in only sub-to-sub rescue.

1957 First rocket with nuclear warhead fired, Yucca Flat, Nevada.

1969 Apollo 11 goes into Moon orbit.

The components of failure...and success tests our mettel

1989: United Flight 232 crash-lands after suffering catastrophic failure of its tail-mounted engine, which led to the loss of all flight controls. https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikiped...AL_232_Fan.png < a cracked titanium fan rotor=cause)The flight was en route from Denver to Chicago. Of the 296 passengers and crew on board, 111 died in the accident and 185 survived in total.

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Post-crash analysis of the crack surfaces showed the presence of a penetrating fluorescent dye used to detect cracks during maintenance. The presence of the dye indicated that the crack was present and should have been detected at a prior inspection. The detection failure arose from poor attention to human factors in United Airlines' maintenance procedures...
Investigators discovered an impurity and fatigue crack in the disk. Titanium reacts with air when melted, which creates impurities which can initiate fatigue cracks like that found in the crash disk. To prevent this, the ingot that would become the fan disk was formed using a "double vacuum" process: the raw materials were melted together in a vacuum, allowed to cool and solidify, then melted in a vacuum once more. After the double vacuum process, the ingot was shaped into a billet, a sausage-like form about 16 inches in diameter, and tested using ultrasound to look for defects. Defects were located and the ingot was further processed to remove them, but some contamination remained. (GE later changed to an improved triple-vacuum process because of their investigation into failing rotating titanium engine parts.)
The contamination caused what is known as a hard alpha inclusion, a brittle part of the metal, which cracked during forging and then fell out during final machining. This formed a cavity with microscopic cracks at the edges. For the next 18 years, the crack grew slightly each time the engine was powered up and brought to operating temperature....

Ever since, my own impurity and fatigue notwithstanding, I've always wondered about my hard alpha inclusion solidifying in in a vacuum whenever I get on any airliner....or a rented Cessna 172 while 'learning to fly'...and what overworked 'poor human factors' may have inspected my ride?!:k_confused: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GhSoyUWDmt0 ...But perhaps I'm just being...Petty:o https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s5BJXwNeKsQ

1969 First Moon Landing: Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin from Apollo 11, 530 million watch live global broadcast.

1944 Adolf Hitler survives an assassination attempt led by German army officer Claus Von Stauffenberg.

1976 US Viking 1 lands on Mars at Chryse Planitia, first Martian landing.

1904 After 13 years, the 4,607-mile Trans-Siberian railway is completed.

1921 To prove his contention that air power is superior to sea power, US Colonel William Mitchell demonstrates how bombs from planes can sink a captured German battleship.

1969 Neil Armstrong becomes the first person to step on the Moon at 2:56:15 AM (GMT).

All dust sales are final BBY! The alpha and the Omega!

Quote:

Originally Posted by Jimbuna (Post 2501861)

1969 Neil Armstrong becomes the first person to step on the Moon at 2:56:15 AM (GMT).

In today's paper: http://a57.foxnews.com/images.foxnew....jpg?ve=1&tl=1

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A bag of moon dust from NASA’s Apollo 11 mission – which a woman bought for $995 in 2015 -- sold for $1.8 million at a Sotheby’s auction this week following an intense court battle. The bag, filled with moon dust by astronaut Neil Armstrong during the first manned mission to the moon in July 1969, had previously been misidentified and mistakenly sold at an online government auction.

Typical garage sale: one man's crap is another mans gold...er woman's :arrgh!: NASA’s attempt to retrieve the bag failed after a federal judge in December ruled it legally belonged to a Chicago-area woman who bought it two years ago for $995.00!http://www.foxnews.com/science/2017/07/21/bag-nasa-moon-dust-sells-for-1-8m-at-auction.html This has restored my own faith as a watch collector; :O: http://www.collectspace.com/news/news-101303a.html https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikiped...-36-5390HR.jpgBuzz Aldrin's Omega Speedmaster is apparently still missing! https://img.purch.com/w/660/aHR0cDov...9sbG8tMTEuanBn<Omega's full page ad in yesterday's WSJ of Aldrin on the moon. https://www.montredo.com/en/watch-magazine/the-story-of-buzz-aldrin's-omega-speedmaster/

1942 Warsaw Ghetto Jews (300,000) are sent to Treblinka Extermination Camp.

2011 Norway is the victim of twin terror attacks, the first a bomb blast targeting government buildings in central Oslo, second a massacre at a youth camp on island of Utøya.

1942 Hitler's Directive number 45: order to occupy Stalingrad.

1943 Battle of Kursk, USSR ends in German defeat (6,000 tanks).

1945 Marshal Henri Pétain, leader Vichy-regime, goes on trial.

1941 Nazis kill entire Jewish population of Grodz, Lithuania.

1943 Operation Gomorrah begins - RAF begins bombing Hamburg (till 3rd August), creating firestorm and killing 42,600.

1969 Apollo 11 returns to Earth.