1305 William Wallace, Scottish patriot, is executed for high treason by Edward I of England.
1939 Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union agree the Molotov-Ribbentrop non-aggression pact and secretly divide Poland between themselves, setting the stage for World War II.
1940 German Luftwaffe begins night bombing on London.
1942 Battle of Stalingrad: 600 Luftwaffe planes bomb Stalingrad (40,000 die).
1942 World War II: last cavalry charge in history takes place at Isbushenskij, Russia; the Italian Savoia Cavalleria charges Soviet infantry.
1954 First flight of the C-130 Hercules transport aircraft.
1996 Osama bin Laden issues message entitled "A declaration of war against the Americans occupying the land of the two holy places"
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