23 January - DAY 55 of Winter War
Ladoga Karelia: three battalions of Group Talvela launch a counteroffensive on the River Aittojoki.
Central Isthmus: heavier than normal enemy shelling in the Summa and Lähde sectors.
An enemy detachment of company strength attacks the islands of Suursaari and Rumakoira in Lake Muolaanjärvi. The Finnish defenders repulse the assault.
Northern Finland: Colonel Siilasvuo arrives in Kuhmo with the staff of the 9th Division and settles into the Jämäs barracks.
Group Ilomäki is placed under command of the 9th Division.
North Karelia: 11 enemy aircraft bomb Nurmes, killing 21 people and injuring 39.
Southeast Isthmus and Ladoga Karelia: Finnish troops repulse the enemy offensives in Taipale and on the northeast side of Lake Ladoga.
Northern Finland: a Finnish Gladiator fighter is hit by an explosive shell, bursts into flames and crashes behind enemy lines 3 kilometres west of Märkäjärvi. The pilot, Swedish volunteer Second Lieutenant Johan Sjökvist, is killed.
Finland's employers recognize the trade union movement. The Central Organization of Finnish Trade Unions (SAK) now has 80,000 members.
The author Frans Emil Sillanpää donates his Nobel Gold Medal to the defence of Finland.
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Originally Posted by Diary of a Soviet politruk from 6th separate ski battalion
January 23: Today we marched to Rajakontu, the last village on the Soviet side of the border and crossed the border. It's too dangerous to walk about without your weapon, the White Finns send their planes to bomb us. Was visited by one yesterday, threw five bombs at us. In 2-3 days, we'll be at the front.
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Daily losses: 147