Well, the selection is really the result of evolution in sub design. When US navy said, "we want a sub capable of this, that, and the other thing". So US subs were slowly evolving over time as new designs were tried to meet the Navy's needs.
The rough evolutionary gist of it is:
S Class -> Porpoise -> Salmon -> Sargo -> Tambor/Gar -> Gato -> Balao -> Tench
- porpoise is pretty much like a german type 9. 4 forward/ 2 aft
- Salmon/Sargo have 4 forward / 4 aft
- Tambor/Gar are the first fully realized fleet boats 6 forward/ 4 aft
- The gato is to the tambor what an IXC/40 was to an IXC, only it dove deeper.
- Balao is what a 7/c41 is to a 7c. This boat dove deeper then a Gato.
- Tench, not in game.
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