1842 Dr. William Brydon, a surgeon in the British Army during the First Anglo-Afghan War, becomes famous for (reputedly) being the sole survivor of an army of 16,500 when he reaches the safety of a garrison in Jalalabad.
1915 Winston Churchill, First Lord of the Admiralty, presents plan for assault on Dardanelles.
1942 German U-boats begin harassing shipping on US east coast.
1942 World War II: First use of aircraft ejection seat by a German test pilot in a Heinkel He 280 jet fighter.
1943 Hitler declares "Total War"
2000 Microsoft chairman Bill Gates steps aside as chief executive and promotes company president Steve Ballmer to the position.
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